The Distinction between Mind and Body Essay - 605 Words

Renà © Descartes is known for being the ultimate doubter. He believes that nothing we experience is trustworthy, because our senses do not show us the truth, and we don’t have the physical traits to observe the truth. From this he concludes that everything he experiences is inaccurate. Yet, he finds that there must be existence within him. This is because he sees a distinction between the physical world, and the non-physical world. Within Descartes Meditations, he explains the fundamental differences between the mind and the physical world. The distinction is that matter is an unthinking, doubtable, and extended substance, meaning it extends in space. Whereas the soul is a thinking and unextended substance that cannot be doubted. My†¦show more content†¦Because we don’t have the physical tools to â€Å"see† the real truth, we need to use our thoughts to infer what the form is, and consider the countless modifications the object can have. For instance, i n Descartes wax example, he explains how the piece of wax is still a piece of wax after it has been burned, after it has changed color, shape, consistency, smell, etc. If the form of wax is described in only sensory definitions, how would we know this burnt wax is still wax when it has been stripped of its previous properties? â€Å"Since I understand that the wax’s shape can change in innumerable ways [†¦] my comprehension of the wax’s flexibility [†¦] cannot have been produced by my ability to have mental images. [†¦] My grasp of the wax is not visual, tactile, or pictorial,† (Norman, 340). There is no way to sense every single variation of this piece of wax, so our understanding that a burnt piece of wax is still wax must have been inferred by our minds alone. I exist as an unextended substance, proven by the fact that I can write this essay. I have an understanding of the keyboard, the computer, how to move my fingers to type it up, and multip le other physical objects required to write this paper. My understanding of these things does not take up space, as the computer itself does, or as my body does. Even when the computer takes on a modification, even something as little as screen brightness, I still have the understandingShow MoreRelatedThe Distinction Between the Mind and Body Essay482 Words   |  2 PagesThe Distinction Between the Mind and Body Some would choose to declare that every human being is both a body and a mind. Both being gelled together until death, than having the mind go on to exist and the body being lifeless. A person lives throughout two collateral histories, one having to do with what happens to the body and in it, and the other being what happens in and to the mind. What happens to the body is public and what happens to the mind is private. The events which reply toRead MoreDescartes on the Distinction Between Body and Mind1181 Words   |  5 PagesCourse Date Descartes Premise for Distinguishing Body and Mind In the Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes discusses the nature of the body and mind. By drawing from three lines of thought, Descartes launches a powerful premise that the body is something distinct from the mind. He conceptualizes his argument by using the uncertainty of knowledge argument, appealing to God’s omnipotence, and describing the indivisibility of the body and mind. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discussRead MoreEssay about The Distinction Between Mind and Body2170 Words   |  9 PagesEvaluate the argument that Descartes makes based on clear and distinct perception for the distinction between mind and body In arguing for the distinction between mind and body, Descartes seeks to show that the two are independent substances and can exist separately. It will be useful to outline Descartes’ argument based on clear and distinct perception by listing his premises and conclusion. The essay will then analyse each premise in turn, arguing that the argument fails because his premisesRead MoreDescartes: Knowledge is Truth Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pagesin a vast variety of things by searching for a fundamental amalgamating principle, Descartes sought to establish order via some fundamental division. Descartes understands and expresses that what we know about our mind is more definite than what we know about the world outside our mind. Descartes’ philosophy is completely different from that of the Greeks, where it is not about a fundamental principle, but about a fundamental knowledge. Descartes’ examination of knowledge and where it comes fromRead MoreHow Successful Are Descartes Arguments for the Real Distinction of Mind from Body?1659 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful are Descartes arguments for the real distinction of mind from body? Upon which problem would you put the most weight? Descartes says the mind is distinct from the body, or anything physical for that matter. He says, a thinking substance is nonphysical or spiritual in nature (mind), and an extended substance is physical, but not capable of consciousness or thought (body). However, this very claim is also his biggest problem as his mind Ââ€" body interaction has many critics and to some, canRead MoreThe Mind / Brain Identity Theory1718 Words   |  7 PagesA person relates to the world through different mental and corporeal experiences. The former is associated with one having a (non-physical) mind, which contains beliefs, desires, feelings and so on, while the latter involves having a (physical) brain. The Mind/Body problem questions whether the mind and brain are the same or different objects. For a long time, the interpretation of these experiences has been much debated by philosophers and scientists. One influential interpretation is Descartes’sRead MoreSimilarities Between Primary And S econdary Qualities1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthings, marked off from one another only by the different ways we have of perceiving things’ (Ayers 1997, p. 12). In distinguishing between these qualities, primary and secondary, John Locke was following an already well-established tradition adopted by other 17th century philosophers, including Descartes, Newton and Boyle. This essay will see to depict this distinction between primary and secondary qualities from Locke, highlight the use of logical validity and empiricism to support Locke’s claims andRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1536 Words   |  7 Pageswork on is the distinction between the soul and the body. His perception of what makes up a person is that the soul and the body are two separate entities. More specifically, he believes that the body only exists as a consequence of the soul. These ideologies are applicable to the advancement and understanding of life today because although people nat urally evolve through time, the essence of an individual remains the same; every person is born with a soul that thinks and a physical body with a headRead MoreRene Descartes: Cartesian Dualism Essay example1625 Words   |  7 PagesHe argues that the mind and body operate as separate entities able to exist without one another. That is, the mind is a thinking, non-extended entity and the body is non-thinking and extended. His belief elicited a debate over the nature of the mind and body that has spanned centuries, a debate that is still vociferously argued today. In this essay, I will try and tackle Descartes claim and come to some conclusion as to whether Descartes is correct to say that the mind and body are distinct. ForRead MoreEssay on Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes1561 Words   |  7 PagesExistence of Material Things, and the Real Distinction between the Mind and Body of Man, he discusses his belief that the mind and body are two separate substances, claiming that the nonmaterial mind and the material body, while being ontologically distinct substances, causally interact; a belief called Cartesian dualism. Descartes explains that he has a clear and distinct idea of himself as a thinking and non-extended thing, and a clear and distinct idea of his body as a non-thinking and extended thing

The Effect Of The Gilded Age - 2037 Words

During the Progressive Era, many people were beginning to realize the effects of the Gilded Age, which left almost the whole nation in poverty, so some people called muckrakers rose to the challenge to help resolve the poverty problem. Among the muckrakers, Thomas Nast effectively helped try to stop a thief in office, who was secretly stealing from the country. Thomas Nast s birthplace was Landau, Germany, and his birthdate is September 27, 1840. In 1846, he and his family immigrated to New York City. Thomas Nast was an American artist, best known for his paintings and caricatures. He is especially known for his political cartoons against The New York City political machine and promoting Radical Reconstruction during slavery. Thomas Nast was one of the most persuasive political cartoonists in America, drawing over 2,200 cartoons. Nast created a turning point in American History with his cartoons, using his artistic talent and adding dialogue. Nast left a permanent mark on t he nation, to show how corrupt the nation was using symbols such as the Republican Elephant and the Tammany Tiger. Thomas Nast effectively removed corruption from the nation by working with Harper’s Weekly, attacking Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, and using his cartoons against other groups of people who were creating flaws in the nation. Thomas Nast created many illustrations that have been remembered, and are still used today such as the portrayal of Santa Claus, the Republican elephant andShow MoreRelatedThe Gilded Age Still Effect American Life Today1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gilded Age, also known as American urbanization, led to many employment opportunities, advances in transportation and sanitation, which improved overall standard of living. All advancements that took place in The Gilded Age still effect American life today. The rapid development of the cities in the 19th century served as both a separation and togetherness factor in American political, economic and social life. Cities in the area created a wealthy cross-section of the world’s population, makingRead MoreThe Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World1417 Words   |  6 PagesBartholdi†. (Edwards 90.) It is important to note that gift was not from the French government. It was a gesture of friendship from its citizens and I feel symbolized the stature, in France’s eyes, that America had achieved in the world during the Gilded Age. The Harper’s article discusses the dedication on October 28, 1886 of the statue of â€Å"Liberty Enlightening the World†. The article uses the dedication to reflect on the relationship between the countries of France and the United States. Harper’sRead MoreThe House of Mirth and the Gilded Age971 Words   |  4 Pagesupper-crust society during the Gilded Age. Having been raised in this fashionable society, Wharton knew both its intricacies and cruelties firsthand. The triumphant rise and tragic fall of protagonist Lily Bart demonstrate both the sunshine and shadow of the Gilded Age. The House of Mirth not only exposes the reality of how the other half live, but also satirizes and condemns their elitist existence. Historians refer to the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s as Americas Gilded Age. This was essentiallyRead MoreDuring the 19th century, America was going through an important transition. The nation was dealing1300 Words   |  6 Pagesperiod was the precursor to the period deemed the â€Å"Gilded Age†. The nation saw economic growth and the creation of the mass market. The rise of industrialization and transition to urban living were some of the defining moments of this period. However, the most defining idea of the Gilded Age is Reform: Social, Political, and economic. The Gilded Age was plagued with the problems that, the reconstruction period failed to solve. During the Gilded Age, social, political, and economic reform movementsRead MorePolitical Corruption Has A Lasting Impression On New York City1319 Words   |  6 Pageslead to political activism by the city’s people looking for change. The most important aspect in understanding political corruption in New York City during the Gilded Age would have to be identifying how these officials were able to come into power and gain support. In the book, Party Games: Getting, Keeping, and Using Power in Gilded Age Politics, the author Mark Summers has examined just that. The tactics and approaches to government and interaction with New York City citizens were something thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Gilded Age And Progressive Era1108 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Throughout the history of time, people named certain time periods based on the events that occurred. People considered the time from the 1890s to 1916 as a shift of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era when many things changed dramatically. The â€Å"Gilded Age† was the time of innovation, invention, and rapid growth, but the presence of monopolies sprouted everywhere in American’s economy and led to social inequalities. Then the Progressive Era respondedRead MoreThe Gilded Age Of The Nineteenth Century And The Succeeding Period887 Words   |  4 PagesTwo prominent eras of American History were the Gilded Age at the end of the nineteenth century and the succeeding period, the Progressive Era. The Gilded Age, also know as the Second Industrial Revolution, was a peak of high economic development with the rise of technological advancements in a free market environment, meaning that the economy was driven by self-interest instead of government authority. Besides its eco nomic growth, the Gilded Age handle changes in social divisions. After the abolishmentRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Gilded Age1340 Words   |  6 PagesMark Twain, an American writer, named the late 19th century, the ‘Gilded Age.’ This time frame is ‘gilded’ because the time was glittering with gold on the surface, but corrupt and rotten underneath. This was a time period full of greed and guile, filled with robber barons, speculators, and Buccaneers. Not only that, but there were many sneaky business schemes to get more income, improper politics, and many impolite displays. Although, it’s better to think of this time as modern America’s formativeRead MoreProgression Of Women s Rights1229 Words   |  5 PagesProgression of Women’s Rights The Gilded Age caused the solution of many problems to not happen. During this time, in the late 19th century, there was extreme corruption that was not being fixed. Soon, in 1890, the rise of progressivism took place, trying to fix the problems that were made. Many different progressive era reformers focused on many different issues and tried to mend the corruption relating to that specific topic. Women’s rights was a huge problem during this time, and two specificRead MoreThe Gilded Age And The Age Of Information1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe term the â€Å"Gilded Age† was coined by Mark Twain. â€Å"By this, he meant that the period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath.† With its period of extreme economic growth, there was tremendous wealth, but only for the wealthy. The â€Å"Second Gilded Age,† which some say was brought on as the Information Age, brings a level of inequality to America that has never been seen before. Experts belie ve that this shift could kill the American dream. The Gilded Age and the Age of Information are

ComLab Inventory free essay sample

2. 1 Introduction This chapter will review all related work and technology used in developing the â€Å"Computer Laboratory Inventory System† This chapter will review on the technologies that relate to the needed research and the current or related projects that have been studied. 2. 2 Definition of Terms/Concepts 2. 2. 1 Barcode Inventory System The term â€Å"barcode inventory system† is generic and encompasses avariety of different applications and industries. The term is commonly used in warehousing, logistics, and distribution; it can also be used in retail point-of-sale, manufacturing, and various service sector implementations. In each case, at its core, a â€Å"barcode inventory system† includes ameasurable list of items or quantities and utilizes barcode technology in some fashion. Barcode technology is a means of interfacing humans to data processing equipment; therefore, barcode technology cannot be utilized independent of data processing equipment. Commonly, the data processing equipmentstores the results of a â€Å"barcode inventory system† in electronic form. 2. 2. 2 Automatic Data Gathering This term refer to the concept of data collection that run on script that will be developed. It is important that the system will automatic, by detection of the computer hardware and software component and then store the data into the database at the same time. The script will be based on JavaScript because it supports the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) and Windows Script Host (WSH). Both two components are required to enable the detection of the computer hardware and software function in this system. 2. 2. 3 Windows Script Host (WSH) The Microsoft Windows Script Host (originally called Windows ScriptingHost) is distributed and installed by default on Windows 98 and laterversions of Microsoft Windows. It is also installed if Internet Explorer 5 (ora later version) is installed. It provides scripting capabilities comparable to batch files, but with a greater range of supported features. Beginning with Windows 2000, the Windows Script Host became available for use with user login scripts. It is language-independent in the sense that it can make use of different Active Scripting language engines. By default it interprets and runs plaintext JScript (. JS and . JSE files) and VBScript (. VBS and . VBE files). Users can install different scripting engines to enable them to script in other languages, for instance Perl. The language independent filename extension WSF can also be used. The advantage of the Windows Script File (. WSF) is that it allows the user to use a combination of scripting languages within a single file. The researcher has taken the advantage of the scripting ability by developing a JavaScript file to be used as Automatic Data Gathering engine for Computer Inventory System. 2. 3 Different Types of Inventory System There are a number of different inventory systems starting with the most ancient system to the most advanced system. 2. 3. 1 Physical Counts (Periodic System) The most basic method of inventory tracking is physical counts. A lot of firms relied on physical count to try and figure approximately where they were at. 2. 3. 2 Two-Bin System The two-bin system is only slightly more sophisticated than the physical count system. Using the marvels of modern technology, this system uses two bins of materials. When one bin is empty, its time to re-order. 2. 3. 3 Perpetual Tracking This method of counting is demand driven. Instead of counting how many items are in inventory, we count how many leave inventory. The demand can be tracked by batches of inventory usage, such as demand that is entered once a week or they can enter in real time which provides the ability to continuously monitor inventory levels. If we are already in the practice of counting demand, this is a great way to track inventory because it involves little additional effort. It was ideal because there is little variability in the products that are demanded. For a supermarket, this can be more difficult because of the variety of products sold. Chapter III System Analysis and Design System analysis is the process of understanding and specifying in detail what the information system should do. This involves all the data gathered during the previous interviews with the subject personnel as needed by the researcher. This chapter covers on the presentation, requirements and specification of the proposed system. This also shows if the proposed system is feasible. System Feasibility Feasibility study is a systematic analysis and performed in advance to the project in order to provide some information about the project whether it should be undertaken or not. It involves the analysis of the system to determine whether it is feasible to develop the particular system. The feasibility on this proposed system was foreseen to be feasible to the Institution through the following factors: Operational This system will be operational feasible considering the fact that it will fasten the processing of the computer laboratory inventory system of Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges. The proposed system will have a user friendly environment and the flow of the system can be easily comprehended by the user. Technical The technicality of the proposed computer laboratory inventory system is considered feasible because it was developed to help the staff in managing computer assets,especially when they are going to trace the computers and peripheral and domass upgrade. The purpose of the system is to help the staffs manage the computers inventory more effective and easy way. Using this Computer Laboratory Inventory System, staffs can get information about all computers, monitors and other peripherals that currently exist in the faculty. They also can trace where all the computers are located in the faculty whether in the computer labs, classes, offices, in the lecturer’s room or anywhere in the faculty. In order for the system to perform better, Computers should be placed in a well-ventilated area and should be well protected to avoid electrical problems. Schedule The Researchers was given an enough time frame to comply the proposed system for the Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges – Computer Laboratory Inventory System. They were given one whole semester to finish the entire system and the study. This was very sufficient in conducting his study, performing interviews, designing and creating the proposed system. In designing and creating the system, the researchers was also allowed to use the unit in the computer laboratory of the school even extends his working hours during free time only. Economic Feasibility The proposed system is economically feasible to the Institution for the reason that the school will benefit and save money in purchasing the system. System Requirement Specification The system requirement of the proposed system is needed to run efficiently. If the hardware and the software do not meet the required specification, our system will probably encounter problems. The process of the computer may run slow which may cause delay. Hardware Specification Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system which is required in the study. Below are the lists of the minimum requirements of hardware components of the computer for the proposed system. Colored monitor Mouse Standard Keyboard System Unit (at least Pentium 3) AVR (Auto-Voltage Regulator) Hard Disk (at least 80 gigabytes) Software Specification Software refers to the needed and required software applications in order for the proposed study to run and be used. Operating System-Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 or Higher Microsoft Office 2003 Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0 People The people involved in the proposed system are the direct users. They are categorized as primary users and secondary users. To manage the system the user should be computer literate and able to use and operate a computer so that they will have no difficulties of absorbing the instructions the researcher will have to give during the training period. This is essential so that they will not encounter problems while using the system. These users will also undergo several seminars or training to familiarize the system. This is highly recommended so that they could easily handle the system to avoid delay and errors. System Requirement Checklist During the requirements modeling, the researcher must have to identify and describe all system requirements. The System Requirements Checklist presents the inputs, process, outputs, performance and controls. Input – the data’s that are inputted and stored in the database considered as raw material that are being processed to create the necessary information. Process – are the transactions of an establishment being done on the data in thesystem. Output – the report and visual outcome of the processed data. Performance – trapping of errors and outcome of the processing. Controls – the shortcut keys that are used to manipulate the screen. Future Growth, Cost and Benefits This will discuss the benefits of the proposed system. The implementation of the new system is firmly believed and assured to produce tangible benefits though it has also intangible benefits to the company. Tangible Benefits The proposed system provides assurance to the company that Proposed System will lessen works loads and will provide a better service to the respondents. Aside from that, it can easily generate reports and it will improve the performance of the firm in terms of service. Intangible Benefits Immediate maintenance if there are some necessary technical problems occurs in the System. Scalability This is to test if the new systems will be capable of storing a large capacity of data that can hold information based on the specified needed requirements specifically on the hard disk. In the future growth, the system will reach its discarded period and will not be capable of storing information so the system is recommended to upgrade its program to sustain its operation. The researcher assures that the given hardware and software requirements are reliable and can sustain a large number of information. Enterprise Modeling This presentation contains the sequence in the Computer Laboratory Inventory System of Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges. For the system to be efficient, the researcher develops graphical presentations about the proposed system. The system flowchart indicates the Proposed Computer Laboratory Inventory system that it could minimize errors on the whole operation compared to the existing system. The enterprise model shows how the entities are related to each other and it also widens our understanding on how the researcher designed the program to perform certain transactions. System Flow Chart, or data flow, is used to describe the flow of data through a complete data-processing system. Different graphic symbols represent the clerical operations involved and the different input, storage, and output information required. Although the flow chart may indicate the specific program used, no details are given of how the programs process the data. Context Diagram The above diagram shows the whole process done in the proposed Computer Laboratory Inventory system. This is to identify all the major input and output of the system. Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed Computer Laboratory Inventory System A Data Flow Diagram is a graphical representation of the â€Å"flow† of data through an information system. User User Account 1. 0 Category Info Item Info. Transaction details Category 3. 0 Reports Transaction Summary Report Inventory Report Table 1 File Maintenance Table 1. 1 User Information Input Add new user , Add new password, Process Add, Update, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display User Account Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 1. 2 Unit Information Input Unit Process Add, Edit, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display Unit Record Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 1. 3 Supplier’s Information Input Company name, Company Address, Contact Person, Contact No. Process Add, Update, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display Supplier Account Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 1. 4 Office Information Input Office Name, Office Address, Bldg. No. Process Add, Update, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display Office Account Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 1. 5 Officer Information Input Officer Name, Officer ID No. , Officer Department Process Add, Update, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display Officer Account Performance No Errors, user- friendly Control Table 1. 6 Category Information Input Category Name Process Add, Update, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display Category Record Performance No Errors, user- friendly Control Table 1. 7 Brand Information Input Brand Name Process Add, Update, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display Brand Record Performance No Errors, user- friendly Control Table 2 Transaction Table 2. 1 New Items Input Category, Unit, Brand, Description, Price, Date of Purchase, Supplier, Office, Officer, Process Add, Update, Save, Delete, Close, Refresh Output Display New Item Information Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 2. 2 Dispose Items Input Unit to Be Dispose, Reason of Disposal Process Search, Dispose, Refresh Output Display Dispose Item Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 2. 3 Repose Items Input Dispose ID, Reason of Repose Process Search, Repose, Refresh Output Display Repose Item Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 2. 4 Transfer Items Input Category, Brand, Transfer Office, Transfer Address, Process Search, Transfer, Refresh Output Display Transfer Item Information Performance No Errors, user friendly Control Table 3 Data Report Input None Process Print and Review Output List of All Information for One New Item and All Transaction

Lifespan of Adults of Dementia in Developed Countries Compared to Developing Countries

Introduction Background Information Aging of the world’s population, along with the fast-growing life expectancy, results in increased expenditures spent on health care services.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lifespan of Adults of Dementia in Developed Countries Compared to Developing Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Older age is closely associated with high rates of chronic diseases. In this respect, dementia is considered to have had a serious impact on the quality of life, as well as on the economic burden that family should take. At the current moment, dementia treatment refers to advanced medicine and novel approaches to cope with the increasing number of cases. However, the ineffectiveness of treating dementia has a negative impact on life expectancy in aging societies. The global trends in aging undergo significant changes due to the influence of external factors, including econ omic, political and social challenges. This is of particular concern to the evident difference in the distribution of adults with dementia in developing and developed economies. The recent explorations of the problem have indicated the tangible impact of environmental factors on dementia development (Prince, 2000). In particular, because the mental disorder is considered a significant problem in the developed world with increased rates of aging population, it has considerably higher rates in the developing economies. The evident distinctions, as well as demographic transitions, have negative consequence for the dementia spread among the developing world’s population. The research studies by Wang et al. (2008) have recently discovered that dementia is the core reason for economic burden among the aging population in developing countries. Such a situation is explained by insufficient education, as well as poor health care services tailored to the patients’ demands. Atten tion should also be given to the cross-cultural survey of people with dementia in the third world. Research studies in such developing regions as Latin American, Africa, China, and Southeast Asia are indispensible to define how lack of education, poor health care network, and community perception affect dementia diagnosing (Prince et al., 2003). Considering culturally and economically sensitive environments of the developing countries is vital for evaluating the differences in incidence and prevalence of the disease among the identified populations. Purpose of the Research Although the developed world recognizes dementia as a serious threat to the aging population and overall demographics, little comparative analysis has been done on the assessment of the situation in both developing and developed worlds to define what external and internal processes influenced the lifespan of adults with dementia.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help yo u! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is of particular concern to such issues as cultural diversity, economic impact, political situation and education serving as the comparative tools of the analysis. Therefore, the purpose of the research lies in defining what underpinnings influence greater lifespan of people with dementia in developed region, as compared to the developing world. Main Discussion Influence of Dementia on Life Expectancy Numerous researches have been dedicated to the analysis of the connection between dementia and life expectancy. In this respect, Xie (2008) states, People with dementia have markedly decreased survival rates compared with those without dementia and are two to four times more likely to die at a given age than those of the same age without dementia (p. 259). Even minor cognitive disorders can have a negative impact on the survival mechanisms of individuals and, therefore, it has direct relation to the risk of mortality. The de grees of mortality of people suffering from dementia are largely predetermined by such characteristics as sex, age, demographic characteristics, type of dementia, and genetic information. Higher risks of mortality are observed among older people (Xie, 2008). Gender characteristics are considered less important in defining the impact of dementia on life expectancy. The studies produced by Routree et al. (2012) have also provided evidence concerning the strong dependence between greater probability of dementia disorder among males of older age and slower pre-progression rate. The evident connection between the age of the patients and survival rates explains the survival mechanisms and the necessary health care assistance. Within this context, the lifespan rates among the patients will largely depend on economic and political realms within which these patients are placed (Waring et al., 2005). In this respect, the overall impact of dementia is closely associated with the quality of hea lth insurance, economic and social conditions under which the individuals are treated. Analysis of Economic Aspects Influencing the Lifespan of People with Dementia in Developing and Developed Countries On the one hand, the previously discussed studies point to the direct influence of age on life of people with the disease. On the other hand, the survival probability can significantly be increased with the introduction of advanced technologies, medication, and quality of health care delivery. In this respect, Kalaria et al. (2008) have defined that, although mortality rates predetermined by poverty, communicable diseases, and human conflicts, number of individuals with dementia have augmented in the developing world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lifespan of Adults of Dementia in Developed Countries Compared to Developing Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current evidence suggests that ag e-predetermined dementia observed in individuals under the age of 65 is higher in such developing regions as Latin America and Asia than in India and sub-Saharan Africa (Kalaria et al, 2008). Moreover, education is considered the decisive factor in development of the disease because illiteracy increases the potential risk for dementia emergence. Rapid expansion of patients with dementia in the developing countries is strongly associated with the financial resources invested in treatment and prevention schemes. In particular, the costs spent on treating dementia in the developing countries reach about $ 73 billion annually (Kalaria et al, 2008). However, the actual care demands for social protection are much higher than the actual budgeting. Therefore, lack of sufficient financing in developing economies constitutes the core reason for the increased rates of dementia among patients, as well as their shorter level of life expectancy (Rooij et al., 2011). As a result, greater demand fo r residential care should be introduced in the future to prevent the expansion. In contrast to the economic environment in developing countries influencing dementia treatment, the developed world manages to spend significant part of financial resources to cope with the problem (Rooij et al., 2011; Xie, 2008). However, provided aging has become the major challenge for dementia development, the prosperous economies can face serious problems in dealing with the patients suffering from the disorder. Greater ratios of older people in the developed world, therefore, can prevail in number over the ratio of older people in the developing countries. To enlarge on the issue, Wehling and Groth (2011) have introduced the statistics counting, â€Å"†¦number of people aged 65 years and above will grow from 600 million to 2 billion (increase of 330 %) and the 80+ generation will increase by more than 400 % from 105 million to 400 million† (pp. 275-276). Therefore, the increase in life expectancy levels presupposed by the socioeconomic progress explains the ratio of older people in the developed world. However, these improvements contrast with the rapid decrease in birth rates. In case the established pace of life expectancy continues growing in the course of the 21st century, most children born in 2000 are likely to reach the age of 100 (Wehling Groth, 2011). Such statistics is worsened by the decline of the youth ratio. For instance, Japan has one of the highest rates of life longevity in the world.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Education as the Threshold Identifying Lifespan of Individuals with Dementia in Developing and Developed Countries According to Prince et al. (2003), â€Å"low levels of education, literacy, and numeracy can result in cognitively unimpaired people screening positive for dementia† (p. 909). In educational terms, sensitive screening techniques do not allow to define arithmetical ability, as well as the level of writing and reading skills. However, the screening instruments can be applied to various cultural circumstances. For example, it is possible to introduce interview formats that do not relate to educational realm. It should also be stressed that lack of education in developing region does not indicate the higher risk of dementia. Rather, the low indices of educational activities do not contribute to appropriate diagnosing of the disease. Therefore, the developing region should be more concerned with the development of new technological devices that can improve the situati on. With regard to the above-presented research studies, developing economies should give specific attention to education as a decisive factor in determining the quality of diagnosing, which later complicates to define advanced from of the disorder. Such a situation can also be a reason for shorter lifespan of people with dementia. In particular, the research evidence shows that Shanghai citizens defined that the mortality levels for dementia, particularly for people over the age of 75, had similar mortality indices as people suffering from cancer (Kalaria et al., 2008). In India, the average rate for survival among the patients equals to 3.3 years in developing countries, which is much lower than in developed regions where the lifespan of adult individuals with dementia reaches 9 years (Kalaria et al., 2008). In addition, high mortality rates have been identified in African region; in particular, the relative risk ratio amounts to less than 3 years. The studies by Kalaria et al. (2 008) have been defined that Asian ad Latin American regions are the leading ones in terms of the dementia prevalence. However, aging groups of population reveal lower ratio of adults with dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. In this respect, it can be concluded that this region demonstrates the lowest life expectancy, which is partially predetermined by depressive illnesses and illiteracy that contribute to the development of disease. In addition, Kalaria et al. (2008) have discovered, â€Å"†¦increasing frequency of vascular disease and global tends in modernization will add to the burden of AD within the developing countries† (p. 826). Indeed, the globalization process and mobilization provide a new outlook on the treatment techniques of patients. Therefore, much concern relates to the problem of the aging population among which the ratio of adults with dementia is lower in the developing countries than in the developed ones. Introducing Costs Spent on People with Dementia in Developing and Developed Countries Understanding the importance of expenditures spent on treating dementia is vital to promote future health case, as well as improve the overall socio-economic policy. The government needs to gain evidence for establishing firm policies for the fast-growing numbers of adults with dementia. Low social awareness, underestimated attitude to the problem, and maltreatment does not contribute to the efficiency of the introduced strategies. In this respect, social protection and security are among the major challenges in the developing countries because of such factors as urban migration, conflict situations, and deployment of HIV/AIDs (Kalaria et al., 2008). The circumstances also point to the older people as the most vulnerable segment of the population living in the third world. Apart from weak social environment, the developing countries face race discrimination, which is also another reason for the decline in lifespan of people with dement ia. Moreover, the aging process of people with dementia provides greater costs and, as a result, this category is considered the economic burden, particularly for the developing world. In this respect, Wang et al. (2008) have discovered that China is among the leading countries that enters the aging era due to the high level of health care delivery. At the same time, the patients with dementia need constant care with regard to the level of disease severity (Wang et al., 2008). Therefore, despite the fact that the longevity of the patients increased, the economic burden imposed on hospitals and caregivers has been increased as well. Dias et al. (2008) support the idea of enhancing the home care support that can ensure longer life expectancy in India. In fact, the Indian region lack sufficient budgeting of the health care services, particularly people suffering from dementia and, therefore, longevity of their lives is much shorter than in other regions. Rapid demographic aging can res ult in the rise of adults suffering in dementia in the developing countries and, therefore, specific attention should be given to health care arrangement in this particular region. According to the studies by Prince (2004), older individual living in developing countries are not isolated from their younger relatives. However, significant levels of family stress create certain disadvantages in terms of lifespan of people with dementia. Moreover, in contrast to the developed countries, adults with dementia in the developing world usually live in extended families composed of three-generation households. Older people suffering from the disease cannot be regarded as a separate category in the developing societies. As a result, this group experiences significant psychological strain and increase costs influencing all family members as well. Further complications can affect education, impoverishment levels, and gender discrimination. Therefore, Prince (2004) argues, â€Å"dementia is a d evelopment issues, and as such a proper concern for proper concern for policymakers in developing countries† (p. 176). Because people in the developing countries are under the stress of family bonds, their lifespan is unlikely to be higher as compared to the lifespan of adult living in the developed world. Despite the fact that developing world has higher ratio of people with dementia among elder population, the aging phenomenon is still more typical of the developed countries. In fact, greater life expectancy in the developed economies is explained by the greater attention given to the quality of health care services. At the same time, Asian, African, and Latin American regions also witness significant rise of the aging population rates, although their services are less advanced (Shaji, 2009). As a result, because their rates of dementia disease are higher, the aging process poses a significant challenge to this region. Despite the fact that the biological phenomenon of aging is a global problem, the life of senior members of society varies greatly due to the difference in cultural and economic contexts (Shaji, 2009). Health care and aging, therefore, are predetermined by social and cultural factors, including social status and attitude to elder people as accepted in various countries (Prince, 2004). Traditional support systems are unlikely to have a potent impact on economic changes and social restructuring. Conclusion In conclusion, the research studies have discovered that the life expectancy of people with dementia in developed countries is much higher as compared to that of people with dementia in the developing countries due to a number of economic, cultural, and political factors. To begin with, the globalization can be considered as the underpinning for the highlighting the aging process in the world due to the technological and scientific progress. Due to the fact that innovation is more associated with the developed world, this region has high er level of aging population. Although the developing region, including Asia, Africa, and Latin America, has lower quality of health care services, the social support of elder generation is ensured by cultural aspects and traditions. As a result, because both face the aging process, the developing economies are under the threat of having lower rates of longevity among people with dementia. Education and economic costs also relate to the risk factors influencing the rapid growth of the patients. References Dias, A., Dewey, M. E., D’Souza, J., Dhume, R., Motghare, D. D., Shaji, K. S., †¦ Patel, V. (2008). The Effectiveness of a Home Care Program for Supporting Caregivers of Persons with Dementia in Developing Countries: A Randomised Controlled Trial from Goa, India. Plos Clinical Trials, 5(6), 1-7. Kalaria, R. N., Maestre, G. E., Arizaga, R., Friedland, R. P., Galasko, D., †¦ Antuono, P. 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Survival Times in People with Dementia: Analysis from Population Based Coho rt Study with 14 Year Follow-Up. British Medical Journal. 336, 258-262. This research paper on Lifespan of Adults of Dementia in Developed Countries Compared to Developing Countries was written and submitted by user Emerson D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.